Using The Study Abroad Handbook Website
The content on this website is divided up into four sections:
Below you will find summaries of the main sections. We suggest that you read the full-text version by clicking the link that follows the general summary.
> Selecting the Right Program for You It is important you find a program that matches your academic needs and your personal objectives. There are several personal factors you need to take into account when choosing the program that's best for you. Finances are one such factor. Before deciding on a study abroad program, it's important to identify the type of relationship your U.S. college or university has with your study abroad program provider. By knowing who runs your program you can determine who will help you if you need assistance. In most cases, a student's financial aid package should cover most, if not all, study abroad costs. But in some cases, it will not. Learn how to better cover the costs of study abroad and print out a budget ledger to help you keep track of expenses. Do you have serious academic goals? Are you mature and flexible? Will you be able to succeed while studying abroad and abide by your program's regulations? These are just some of the questions you might have to answer on your program's application to study abroad. Make sure the personal statement portion of your application looks its best. Need writing tips?
> Pre-Departure Planning Are you having trouble buying your airplane ticket, deciding which guidebook is right for you, finding out what documents you will need, or what you need to buy before departing for your program. Let us help you. You can unknowingly get into serious trouble by not understanding how another country’s laws apply to you as a foreigner. Find out what you should know about other legal systems, and what you can do if you get into trouble with the law. While you are abroad it is important that you stay in touch with your program's administration, and with your family and friends at all times. There are several ways to communicate internationally. Learn how to communicate from wherever you are; creating an internationally accessible email account is a good first step. Communicating through email is a vital resource. There are many types of housing options available through most programs. Finding the right housing arrangement is extremely important. Where you choose to live will determine what you eat, where you sleep, and to what level you will immerse yourself in the language of the country. Learn what option is best for you.
You should learn to expect the unexpected. Rule number one: living abroad will be different. Anticipating some of the differences ahead of time can help you better prepare for your life in another country. Learn about some of the changes you can expect.
> Basic Health and Safety Find out about health and safety issues you should be aware of while studying abroad including: infectious diseases, physicals and check ups, food safety, prescriptions, fitness and exercise, transportation and the use of alcohol and drugs abroad. Do you know how to avoid being a target of crime while abroad? In this section, we'll tell you. Being aware of your surroundings, knowing how to dress, and knowing what kind of body language is inappropriate can help keep you safer. If you are a U.S. citizen, a woman, non-heterosexual, disabled, or a member of an ethnic or religious minority, you may have special concerns about traveling to a foreign country. You may not be treated the same way in another country as you are in the United States. You might want to prepare yourself by becoming more familiar with the language and the country’s cultural norms. Handling a crisis is more difficult in a foreign environment. In the event of a serious medical emergency, or a natural disaster, you will have to cope with communication and cultural barriers. While abroad, you may also encounter minor crises like pick-pocketing, petty theft, and/or minor illness or injury. The key is being prepared! Read our tips on knowing how to cope during a crisis. Also be sure to check out our Emergency Card and other resources available in this section. You are not alone! Most students that go abroad will experience some form of culture shock, homesickness and stress. In this section, you will learn how to identify and cope with some common symptoms of culture shock.
> Airport Safety, Duties and Customs Now more than ever, airport security is tight. You will have to check for new updates and stricter requirements enforced by airports and airlines. In this section we'll tell you how to do so. Chances are you'll want to buy gifts for your family, but do you know what you can and cannot bring back from your time abroad? One of the biggest challenges for students who study abroad is re-adapting to reality in the United States. Upon return, you may find many things are different from how you left them. In this section, we'll tell you how to recognize reverse culture shock and cope with the process of returning home. Once you've had the time of your life and made it safely back home, how do you keep the memories alive? There are many ways you can continue your international experiences at home. Introduction
When preparing to study abroad, it is important to gain a balanced perspective. Safety is a global, national, regional, and local phenomenon. As Americans have come to realize, the United States is no more immune to acts of crime or violence than other parts of the world. The resources we provide will assist you in understanding the particular safety challenges of studying abroad. This resource gives a framework of information, checklists, questions, and resources that helps review the type of study abroad program you will choose/have chosen, the available support services, and ways for you to be prepared for the realities abroad. Students may find it extremely helpful to do some research before going abroad; understanding a country's culture, laws, customs, politics, etc. can be tremendously important. The more you know ahead of time about your program, the better prepared and more confident you will feel when you arrive. Internet research is one of the easiest ways to find more information about where you would like to study. The Center for Global Education compiled a condensed list of information and helpful Internet resources for students considering study abroad. In creating this site, the Center's goals are to help educate and inform students so that they can enjoy a safe and healthy time abroad. Students are encouraged to read through the information and visit other recommended sites provided in each section. While no study abroad program can offer an absolute guarantee that students will be safe, there are many steps that can be taken to reduce the risk of becoming injured or a victim of crime abroad. We encourage all students, their parents, and study abroad program administrators to read through the following safety suggestions in order to better prepare themselves in the case of health or safety challenges while in another country. To address the current worldwide concern for safety, and the need for informed study abroad program participants, the Safety Abroad First-Educational Travel Information (SAFETI) Clearinghouse of the Center for Global Education makes the following safety resource guide available for students studying abroad. This document is made possible through support from the Fund for the Improvement of Postsecondary Education (FIPSE) of the U.S. Department of Education. Why Study Abroad?
The events of September 11th, 2001, highlighted the importance of international safety issues. This has increased the need for a U.S. citizenry capable of understanding and working with people from all over the world. Even in this time of added caution and uncertainty, study abroad remains a beneficial and safe way to enhance a student’s academic program and promote self-growth. According to U.S. Secretary of Education, Rod Paige: 
One challenge for the study abroad student is a lack of consistent policies and procedures in place by study abroad program providers. According to Gary Rhodes, Ph.D., Director of the Center for Global Education: 
Parents and participants must be prepared for both the best and worst case scenarios that could happen abroad. When you were deciding what U.S. university or college to attend, you and your parents carefully considered the pros and cons of the academic programs and student services each institution could provide. Take the same time and effort in selecting your study abroad program. To better insure your health and safety abroad, try to evaluate every aspect of the program you choose. Why Learn A Language?
While abroad, you can't always rely on English as a back up to communicate. During your time abroad, you will probably use and practice another language every day; you will interact with native speakers at every turn. Even a simple task like going to the market becomes a learning experience. You pick up subtleties, authentic accents and pronunciation, jokes, stories, and local phrases you never would have learned in a language class in the United States. Most of the time, you find you are learning new things without even trying; simply being surrounded by another language day and night helps you absorb more than you think.
Total immersion also makes you more marketable in the job world, even on an international level. After learning another language, you have an advantage-an extra edge-above other job candidates. You have broadened your communication skills beyond just the English-speaking world. Your non-English language abilities are a major asset, and companies know it. Aside from the job world, you may also use your language class credits earned abroad to add a major or minor back at your U.S. home campus. You could also tutor or mentor other students who need assistance with the language you have learned. Each program has its own specific language level requirements. Usually, you can tell how intensive a program's course of study will be based upon its required level of language proficiency. Aside from learning a country’s official language, most countries also offer opportunities to learn other indigenous languages and/or different dialects prevalent abroad. You may want to check to see if your study abroad program offers language instruction in such non-traditional or non-standard minority languages and dialects. The study of such languages will be beneficial for those interested in anthropology, linguistics, and national security, among other professions. In short, learning another language while abroad can help you to create global awareness, promote international security, enhance your academic learning, develop leadership skills, advance your career, and experience personal growth. Advice for Parents You may want to take a similar role in the selection of your student's study abroad program as you did with your son or daughter's selection of an appropriate U.S. college or university. To begin, we recommend that students read and fill-out this Study Abroad Study Abroad Handbook independently. This can be the first step that helps him/her take charge of his/her own study abroad experience. However, accomplishing the many tasks involved with planning study abroad can be overwhelming. Your son or daughter will most likely need your assistance. Using This WebsiteThe content on this website is divided up into four sections: Choosing a Program, Practical Information, Health & Safety and Coming Home. We suggest that you read through the Study Abroad Handbook content, and then make sure your son or daughter has answered the Questions and responded to the items in the Checklist. Many of the items will require feedback from a study abroad program provider, although the Resources section will help you as well. Make sure to have a copy of the Emergency Card that your son or daughter also should carry in his/her wallet.
As a special resource just for parents, we encourage you to read the following article entitled "Advice for Parents: Frequently Asked Questions" by William Hoffa. Finding a Quality Program
In this section, you will get some helpful tools and advice on how to select the best study abroad program for you. Prior to participating, students and their parents should take time to look at the different programs available for study abroad. One of the main reasons students give for not studying abroad is that they start the planning process too late and miss the opportunity. The earlier you start researching programs, the better chance you will have to study abroad, include the coursework in your on-campus degree program, and graduate on-time. The simplest way to find an appropriate study abroad program is to look at programs available through your home campus; home campus faculty and staff can help you through the process. Some Tools for Finding a Program:
The following is a list of issues to consider and questions to ask when looking for an appropriate study abroad program. Along with speaking with program administrators in the U.S., it is suggested that you ask to speak to students who participated in the program in the past. If possible, speak directly with one of the program administrators abroad to find out both the strengths and weaknesses of the program.
Make sure to look through the rest of the Safety Abroad Handbook for additional health and safety information on studying abroad. Selecting the Right Program for You
In this section, you will learn how to go a step beyond finding a quality program. You will begin to research quality programs that reflect your individual needs. You will be better able to find a program that matches academic and personal objectives. The following things are some personal factors that can affect a student’s program decision: Affordability and Finances
Spending and Saving: Frugal spending is key both before you go, and while you are on your program. Make a budget for yourself and stick to it. Before you go, you may want to budget your spending by giving up that morning cup of coffee you buy on your way to work/class. Instead, you could make your own coffee at home, and bring your lunch with you rather than buying it every day. You may have to eat out less and give up going out as frequently. You could take the bus instead of paying to fill up your car, and you might even start clipping coupons. Size Does MatterGroup Size: Some study abroad programs have very high limits for enrollment, while others are very selective about the number of students they allow to participate. You should determine in which situation you might feel more comfortable.  It is important to ask your study abroad program coordinator what the ratio is between staff and students—a small program staff in charge of a large group may not be the best when you are trying to find someone to assist you. Of course, if you plan to do independent study, you may very well be the only U.S. student at the institution you’ve chosen. This would probably give you the highest level of immersion, but you would have added responsibilities that another student studying in a program group may not have. Class Size: Depending on how you learn best as a student, you will want to choose a program with smaller or larger class size. As a student, you may enjoy smaller class sizes because of the personal attention you receive. Also, if you are having difficulties understanding the topics or language, you may appreciate the extra help that smaller classes can provide. On the other hand, you may be comfortable and accustomed to larger classes in which you have more independent study time. You may enjoy a larger class setting where you may come in contact with more students. Ask your study abroad program coordinator what the average class size tends to be for the subjects you will take. Level of Immersion
Language Instruction: Even if you have minimal or no prior language experience, you can still find a program to suit your personal needs. Ask if your program offers your language of interest for all levels, including beginner level instruction. If not, you may be able to take some classes in English. However, you may prefer to take all of your classes in your program country’s language. One thing to keep in mind is, the more classes you take in the language, the more your language skills will improve and the more immersed you will feel in the country’s culture and society. Ask if your program provides classes in your target language, English or both. Your ObjectivesGoals: Everyone chooses to study abroad for different reasons. You may want to learn or improve your language proficiency. You may want to conduct independent research. You may want to pursue a degree, or you may just want to travel and get away. Before choosing a program, see if it fits the personal goals and objectives you have. Ask yourself if the program you choose will allow you to accomplish what you have in mind. Deposits: Do you need to make any initial or non-refundable deposits in order to guarantee you a place in the program, etc.?
In addition to the above, there may be other, personal matters and questions you wish to discuss with program administrators before making any final decisions. Make sure to look through the rest of the Handbook for more health and safety information on studying abroad. Who Runs Your Program?
In this section, you will learn how to better understand who runs your program, and whether it is closely connected with your U.S. home university. Before deciding on a study abroad program, it’s important to identify what kind of relationship your U.S. college or university has with your study abroad program; essentially, you want to know who is “in charge,” and who will help you if you need assistance. There are five general types of study abroad program sponsors, which can be classified by the kind of relationship your U.S. home institution's staff has with a program's international staff. This can help you determine how much communication goes on between U.S. staff and abroad staff; does each party know what the other party is doing? Five Types of Program Sponsors:
The program sponsors listed above, may provide on-site program administration through four types of program providers:
After you understand who runs your program and whether it is closely connected with your U.S. home university, the next step should involve a review of whether the level of support services both in the U.S. and abroad will meet your needs. Remember that there is no national organization which regulates the quality and certifies any minimum standard for study abroad programs. For this reason, it would be wise to take an active role in evaluating a program prior to participating in it. It is important to look at the many types of activities provided by your program. Activities Include:
Financing Study Abroad
In this section, you will learn how to help cover the costs of study abroad. With appropriate planning, most students that can afford to study at a U.S. college or university, can afford to study abroad. It is important to take into account all program costs to ensure you have sufficient funds for a healthy and safe experience.
Cost of Living Cost of living varies from country to country, with currency fluctuations, and according to your personal budget. You are probably used to a certain standard and cost of living in the United States, and you probably budget your income in order to maintain (or better) the standard and costs to which you have become accustomed. You can calculate the difference in cost of living between the United States and the UK by using an on-line international cost of living converter. Enter the U.S. city in which you live and your current salary. Then, enter the city in the UK where you will study. The converter calculates how much you will need to earn in order to live in the UK as you do in the United States. This rough estimate can provide you with a goal amount of money you will need to raise/save before going abroad: International Cost of Living Salary Converter Exchange Rates
The value of foreign currency against the U.S. Dollar frequently goes up or down significantly and can greatly affect a student’s personal budget/financial plan. A solid budget/financial plan worked out months before leaving just may not work at the time of departure. From the time you first created your budget/financial plan, exchange rates changed and now your planning has been thrown off. To avoid this, consider making your personal budget/financial plan flexible. Include a high and low total spending amount to account for any possible fluctuations in currency value. Also, frequently check exchange rates to keep a better eye on the foreign and U.S. economies and better predict any drastic fluctuations. Please see "Exchange Rates" in the Resources section of this handbook for links to currency converters. LifestyleFor some students studying abroad, having enough money is not a worry; they do not need to alter their lifestyle to fit a budget. For others, studying abroad may involve more financial planning and changes in lifestyle. If you don't already budget your money at home in the United States, you might want to start doing so when you go on your program. Budgeting your money doesn't have to be boring or difficult. You can think of easy ways to help yourself remember how much you are spending. Often, foreign currency can seem like “fake” money. It can be difficult to know how much you're spending. This is especially true if you get in the habit of using your credit card for most purchases. A helpful way to convert foreign currency into U.S. dollars is to carry a small pocket calculator with you. You could also learn a few monetary equivalents and tell yourself: "For every unit of foreign currency I spend, I'm really spending so many dollars." Another way to keep track of your spending is to give your purchases a work value. For instance, you could say to yourself: "I will have to work so many hours in order to make enough money to be able to buy this shirt." This way, you begin to see your purchases not only in terms of money, but in terms of the time it will take you at work to earn the money to buy them. Below is a sample budget ledger you can print out, fill in, and take with you to help you better keep track of your spending while abroad. 
Application Process
In general, expect to be asked to provide the following types of information about yourself on your study abroad program application form(s): your academic performance (Grade Point Average, scholarships, etc…), your selling points/talents (what you think about yourself), letters of recommendation (what others think about you), your hobbies and interests, your knowledge of current events in your destination country, your resume and official college transcript to date, etc... The Personal Statement/Essay
Pre-Departure Planning
In this section, you will find useful information on how to select a travel provider, decide which guidebook is right for you, learn how to tune-in your favorite foreign radio station, and find out what documents are necessary for study abroad. Before you buy anything, research your choices, select a travel provider, and find out what documents are necessary for study abroad.  Where to Buy
Travelers have numerous options when it comes to purchasing tickets. Travel agents are a traditional option, but several student-oriented travel agencies can offer discount fairs. Other young adults, who have recently studied abroad themselves, often staff these student agencies. Therefore, they can be more knowledgeable about travel abroad. Many student agencies offer exclusive student or youth travel discounts. Some discounts may be valid for a full year, an extended time limit that most regular travel agencies do not offer. Travel agencies are usually the least discount-oriented. Checking with several of them may help you to establish a base price, or sometimes you may even get a reasonable fare. If you are extremely flexible, many airlines offer last minute airfare deals that can even be cheaper than student tickets. Buying online is yet another option. Most sites post new discount offers three times a day. Some also offer the possibility of bidding for tickets at your own specified price. If your bid is accepted, you could end up flying for a very low price. However, be wary of restrictions on bidding (like not being able to back out of the deal once your bid has been accepted, and not being given a choice of airlines or flight times). When you have decided where to purchase your airplane ticket, many travel experts recommend paying with a credit card. Several credit card companies offer insurance on purchases; should your tickets be lost or stolen, or you flight cancelled, you needn't lose all your money. Check with your credit card company to determine what conditions of protection apply. Travel DocumentsProper documentation and identification is required for entry into your destination country and for re-entry into the United States. Each country has its own special requirements for entry based on your citizenship, purpose of visit and length of stay. Find out which requirements pertain to your situation, and plan in advance; obtaining documents from embassies or consulates can take from one hour up to three months. Getting a new passport may take up to six weeks.
Some other ways to help establish proof of birthplace, residence, etc. include:
How Foreign Laws Apply to You
In this section, you will find information on what you should know about the legal system of the countries to which you will be traveling. The U.S. Embassy or Consulate abroad is limited in what it can do to assist you if you should get into legal trouble abroad. As a foreigner in a foreign land, you are obligated to act in accordance with foreign law. Not knowing local laws can get you into serious trouble. Just because something is legal in the United States doesn't mean it is legal in the country where you will be studying. Most students who study abroad do not break the law on purpose; instead, they end up doing something illegal without knowing it. Even as a foreigner, you must obey all the laws of your destination country and the other countries to which you are traveling.
For more complete information on foreign laws and the legal system of the country to which you will be travelling, visit the U.S. Department of State Country Background Notes.
Methods of Communication While Abroad
In this section, you will learn how to communicate better with a program's administration, family and friends while you are abroad. When looking at a program, see if it has a 24-hour communication contact person both abroad and in the U.S. With the advent of the “information age,” there now exists more than just one way to communicate internationally:
Housing 
Your place of residence abroad will become the main site of most of your cultural interaction. Where you choose to live abroad can determine to what level you will immerse yourself in the local culture. The majority of your language practice and communication will not take place in the classroom, or even during your travels. Rather, most of it will happen at home in your residence. At your place of residence, you will experience the most intense and personal form of culture-sharing, as the locals you will live with become your family, friends and roommates. Just as it took getting used to living with your dorm or apartment roommate(s) in the United States, it will take just as much effort to adjust to your living situation abroad. Your place of residence abroad comes with challenges, perhaps even more challenges than you had to deal with when you lived with roommates at your U.S. home campus. You will face language and culture differences which can affect everything from when a person eats a meal, to what he or she eats, personal hygiene issues, study habits, likes and dislikes, etc… However, keep in mind that your own habits and views will also seem different to the person(s) you are living with abroad. Conflict ResolutionWhen thinking about housing, the most important thing to remember is patience. Try to be patient with yourself as you try to adjust to living with others. Also, try to be patient with those you live with, as they will be learning to adjust to you as well. In the chance that things just don’t work out for you, or you just are not compatible with your roommates or host family, make sure your program offers you the right to change your place of residence. Ask your program’s administrators about your rights in regards to switching places of residence, and whether or not an administrator can help you find alternate housing should you need it. Your program administrators can act as conflict mediators to help you and your roommates or host family resolve any issues troubling you. If at any time you find your housing unsafe, be clear with program administrators and explain to them why it is unsafe and that you need to change housing as soon as possible. Types of HousingThere are three main types of housing options. However, not all programs will offer all three housing options. In many cases, you may only be offered one type of housing option. Also, your program may not provide housing at all, or may not be able to guarantee housing for you.    Packing
A little bit of research will go a long way. If you find out what the weather will be like where you will be studying, you can plan ahead and save yourself the hassle and expense of possibly having to buy a whole new wardrobe. On-line research is one of the easiest ways to discover what the weather is like. (Please see "Weather" in the Resources section of this Handbook for some helpful links.) Ask yourself: How will climate and weather affect my travel plans and activities? Will I need to bring an umbrella, swimsuit, or both? Students who have studied abroad suggest packing certain items in a carry-on, and putting other items in checked baggage. Below are a few recommendations of what to pack where, what to leave behind, and what to buy when you get there: Carry-on LuggageA note about carry-on items: Most commercial airlines now have new regulations regarding what you can and cannot pack in your carry-on luggage. Sharp items like razors and nail files are banned in carry-on luggage on most flights. For more information, please see the Duties, Customs, and Airport Security section of this Handbook. In general, there are some very important items you will NOT want to pack in your checked baggage; rather, you will want to have them handy at all times and packed in your carry-on bag. These items are:
You may also want to have a few personal items in your carry-on in order to make your trip more comfortable and enjoyable. Consider including items like a water bottle, a book, a toothbrush/toothpaste and a change of clothes and underwear in case of flight delay/cancellation. Checked BaggageLess is more. Although just about everyone will caution you to pack light, packing can be a very personal process. Packing can be especially challenging if you plan to stay abroad for a relatively long time. You want to have as many comforts abroad as you have at home, yet you know you can't bring everything with you. Also, part of the reason you are going abroad is to get out of your comfort zone and away from home; therefore, you will have to prepare to make do with fewer things. 
Not only does your airline have a baggage limit, but also you will have a space limit at your residence abroad. When you travel, you probably won't want to lug around, or pay to store, all the stuff you've brought with you. You are most likely going to acquire things while travelling, including souvenirs, clothes, gifts, etc… You will need some extra packing space in order to fit in these newly acquired items. Don't be a packing procrastinator. Packing for a semester abroad a couple of hours before your flight just isn't a smart idea. Packing takes planning, and you will most likely pack and re-pack a number of times before you're satisfied (and before you can cram everything into your bags so they shut properly!) Other Things to BringIn addition to the regular necessities like underwear, clothes and shoes, you may also need a few other things. The following is a list of items you may not have thought you needed or wanted to take with you. See if you forgot to pack any of the following:
Not having to worry about certain items spilling or breaking, and not packing certain items saves space. You could buy many inexpensive items when you arrive at your destination rather than pack them. Consider buying items like shampoo, soap, sheets, towels, an umbrella and film while on your program.  Ship Over or Ship Back
When and how you might decide to ship:
When to consider other options besides shipping:
There are people in need everywhere in the world. Donation is an excellent way to get rid of items you don't need anymore and ones that won't fit in your suitcase, reduce the costs of having to ship items homes, or having to pay for excess baggage. Just because you can't fit something in your suitcase, or don't want something anymore, doesn't mean that it can't be of use to someone else. Donation is a great alternative becoming more and more popular with students who study abroad because students know they can do a good deed, support a good cause, or help someone in need. It's easy to find out where to donate your items - ask your program administrator, residence hall/dorm advisor, the local hospital staff or a local resident of the community. You may not even have to bring the items to a donation site. Your program administrator or residence hall/dorm advisor might be willing to take care of it for you. Ask them to organize a donation day so that the other students in your program can participate also. Everyone else in your program will probably have something they want to give away as well. In addition to donating to the poor, you may be able to give some of the items you don't need anymore to your fellow students who will remain abroad. Possible donation items include books and school supplies, clothes and shoes, sheets, blankets, towels, umbrellas, kitchenware, and food. Expectations
Living abroad will be different, and it’s crucial for you to start expecting this. Simply anticipating some of the differences ahead of time can help better prepare you for life abroad. The single most import thing to remember is to be flexible. You will no doubt have to adapt to new things you encounter while on your program. You should learn to expect the unexpected. Accept the fact that everything will not be same as it here in the United States. The following are some very general and basic things to which you are probably accustomed in the United States, but that may be very different overseas:
Medical Care and Insurance
In this section, you will find information on how to obtain medical assistance while you are aboard. As insurance is critical in obtaining medical assitance while abroad, we will then review different types of insurance that are available. For international study and travel, there are various types of insurance which you should consider purchasing prior to leaving the U.S. These include major medical, emergency evacuation, repatriation of remains, 24 hour emergency help line, legal assistance, baggage, accidental death and dismemberment/life, motor vehicle, and kidnapping and terrorism insurance. Medical Care
Basic Health and Safety
In this section, you will find information on how to stay well while abroad. The process of wellness starts before you go abroad with a visit to your doctor. You may need to get inoculations to protect yourself from infectious diseases endemic in the countries you will visit. You will also learn some tips to ensure you drink clean water and eat uncontaminated food.
Risk Factors and Strategies to Reduce Risk
In this section, you will find information on how to avoid being a target of crime. There are helpful tips on how non-verbal communication - like gestures or manner of dress - can help keep you safer. You will also learn how to become more aware of your surroundings. Based on anecdotal information, most of the incidents resulting in injury or death of students while participating in study abroad involve:
Resources and information about each of these issues can be found below. You can find additional information in the Basic Health and Safety section of this Handbook. Special Issues
Women Unwanted attention can range from a mild nuisance to a serious threat of danger. Acceptable treatment of women in your host country may be very different from the kind of treatment acceptable in the United States. Also, the way women interact with men in the United States may not be as socially acceptable in other countries. What's considered "being friendly" in the United States can be considered flirting or a sexual invitation in other countries. Even reacting (positively or negatively) to un-wanted attention can serve to egg-on the other person. In television and movies, the media tends to portray U.S. women as promiscuous. Simply smiling or saying hello to the opposite sex may be all that is needed to confirm this unflattering stereotype in their minds. To avoid trouble and unwanted attention, ask local women you meet and your program's administrators about what is considered "appropriate" behavior and dress for women. Dressing conservatively and traveling in groups are always safe bets. Although it is important to learn to adapt to a foreign culture, that doesn't mean you should have to compromise your own sense of security and dignity. If you feel you can't adapt to your host country’s sexual culture, you may have to be more selective about the location of your program. Minorities (Ethnic and Religious)You may not be considered an ethnic, or religious majority in the United States, but by going abroad you become, in a sense, a minority. There might not be a lot of U.S. students studying in the area you will be, so, in that sense, you are a novelty—someone new and different who stands out from the locals. In some cases, your outward appearance can also make you stand out, especially if the country’s population is very homogeneous. Sometimes the locals’ curiosity, interest, ignorance or misunderstanding of you can be unpleasant. If a comment offends you, try to be tactful with your response, or if you are very upset, leave the room. Remember that cultural and ethnic sensitivity is not as strong abroad as it is in the United States, and some comments are simply made out of ignorance, not malice. 
Political turmoil or lack of tolerance can make some ethnic and religious groups a target for mistreatment or even violence in many countries. Political rallies and certain dates like anniversaries of historic events also often spur ethnic and religious conflicts in many countries. Certain hate crimes may not even be considered crimes in your host country. With regard to religion, the risk or censure you attract depends on your level of religious involvement abroad. If others where you will be studying have been attacked for practicing the religion you practice, any signs of your religious affiliation may put you at risk as well. Ethnic or religious issues shouldn’t be a negative factor of your study abroad experience. That’s why it’s important to do a little research ahead of time to survey the national sentiment and current events of your host country. For more information on the current events going on at your destination, please see “Media” in the Resources section of this Handbook. Also, ask your program administrators if you should be aware of anything in particular related to ethnic or religious conflict. Non-heterosexuals
The foreign policy of the United States does not always sit well with citizens of foreign countries. In some cases, Americans living abroad can be targets of the frustrations of these individuals. Consider the nature of the political climate and relations between the United States and your destination, as well as the other countries you plan to visit. There are some steps you can take to avoid being targeted for politically motivated crime or anti-U.S. crime in general. Crisis Management
In this section, you will find information on how to better cope during a crisis. Being able to deal well with a crisis situation includes understanding your emotions, keeping yourself as safe as possible, and communicating with your emergency contacts by creating and using your personal Emergency Action Plan (EAP). Please refer to the Emergency Card, and EAP Steps provided for more resources on crisis management and emergency planning. Most students returning from study abroad say that it was one of the most valuable parts of their college or university experience. While most students experience a safe and healthy time abroad, some are forced to deal with minor crises like pick-pockets, petty theft, or a minor illness or injury (similar to those faced by students in the U.S.). In an unfamiliar environment with communication and cultural barriers, a minor crisis may be more difficult to handle. In addition, similar to the realities on a U.S. campus, there may be a few students who encounter a major emergency while abroad, such as a serious illness or injury, traffic accident, natural disaster, or violent crime. Many study abroad programs have developed comprehensive support strategies. The first place to start getting information about your program's support strategies is in your study abroad advisor's office in the U.S. and your program director's office abroad. Minor and Major Emergencies
The majority of students can protect themselves from such minor emergencies in much the same ways they protect themselves from similar situations at home. However, what students consider a minor emergency here at home can turn into a more difficult to handle situation abroad. Small emergencies abroad can seem like larger ones due to language and communication barriers, and a lack of familiarity with foreign surroundings. In addition to minor emergencies, some students may also face larger emergencies abroad. Frequently, these major emergencies tend to be events out of a student's control. Some unpredictable, major emergencies that could occur abroad include: natural disasters like earthquakes and hurricanes, acts of terrorism, and serious medical problems. Things To Do Before a Crisis Occurs1.) Why Create an EAP?
2.) Who Needs a Copy of Your EAP? We remind you to give copies of your EAP to your contacts abroad, and leave copies with appropriate contacts at home, which may include several family members and friends. Make sure to always keep a copy on hand for yourself as well. You should consider giving your EAP to the following contacts: In the United States: In your Host Country: 3.) How to Create an EAP 
The following list gives some tips on how to maintain your physical safety and mental health during a crisis: For more information on the Phases of Crisis, please see the SAFETI Adaptation of Peace Corps Resources on Crisis Management. Adjustments and Culture Shock
In this section, you will learn what culture shock means and how you can overcome its effects. Experiencing new cultures, and obtaining a better understanding of your own culture, can result in some of the most positive, life-altering experiences students have while studying abroad. When going abroad, students will experience differences in manners, beliefs, customs, laws, language, art, religion, values, concept of self, family organization, social organization, government, behavior, etc. All of these elements combine to form your host country’s rich and unique culture.
"Just as you can't really describe the taste of a hot fudge sundae to someone who has never experienced one, it is difficult to actually convey just how disorienting entering another culture can be to a student without any cross-cultural experience." Rhinesmith's Ten Stages of Adjustment
Source: Returning Home, Canadian Bureau for International Education, 1984, p. 7. Culture shock and its effects can occur in a number of stages. However, culture shock is not an exact step-by-step process; every student doesn't experience culture shock the same way or at the same time. The following 10 steps of cultural adjustment outlined by Steven Rhinesmith show how culture shock can be like a roller coaster ride of emotions: Riding the roller coaster of culture shock, a student actually follows a natural pattern of hitting peaks and valleys. The high points of excitement and interest are succeeded by lower points of depression, disorientation, or frustration. Each student will experience these ups and downs in different degrees of intensity and for different lengths of time. The process is necessary in order to make the transition from one culture to another; it helps a student or traveler to balance out and adjust. Stages 1 through 5: Exposure to a new culture Prior to going abroad, students may be excited about new adventures to come. A student arrives in the host country and perhaps begins to develop increasing independence as he/she starts to experience the local culture or another country's culture. At first, a student's expectations may be too high. He or she may see things almost as a tourist would during the first few weeks in a new country. A student may be heavily comparing and contrasting his/her home culture with the culture abroad. It is common for students to focus on what they see as weaknesses in foreign cultures. Students tend to point out what a foreign culture lacks; this often leads to feelings of frustration over what is "missing" or what can't be obtained abroad in the same ways it can be at home. Students may be challenged on a regular basis by different ways of living abroad (banking, eating, relationships, etc.). Negative feelings and frustrations may reach a level where you begin to recognize you are going through "culture shock". Stage 6: Acceptance of a new culture As a student gets used to the host country’s ways, things that seemed like a "crisis" may now simply be seen as different ways of doing things. Most students gradually adjust their lifestyles to be balanced with a country's own cultural norms. The cultural traits that once annoyed or bothered a student generally come to be accepted as normal. Students usually begin to understand and appreciate the cultural differences between the United States and the host country. However, if significant problems arise, a student may briefly return to the "frustration" stage of culture shock. As a student begins to adapt more and more, he/she may have a new set of friends, may be traveling more, and may even be dreaming in another language. The "other way" may now become the "normal" way of living. Stages 7 through 10: Leaving a new culture behind As a student becomes integrated to the ways of the host country’s culture, the more difficult it may be to re-adapt to the United States upon return home. The United States just won't look the same way it did before leaving to study abroad; a student may see home with new eyes and may also be more critical of U.S. cultural traditions once thought to be "normal". This is called reverse culture shock. Fear of experiencing reverse culture shock should not deter students from trying to integrate as fully as possible while abroad. No matter how integrated a student becomes while abroad, he or she will probably still be "shocked" by differences noted at home after so much time spent abroad and the other countries to which you will be traveling. However, over time, a student will learn to re-adapt and reintegrate into his or her home culture. HomesicknessHomesickness is one of the most common adjustment problems related to culture shock and loneliness. Experienced by students from every country, homesickness is a universal side-affect to being away from home. Feelings of homesickness may even start before you leave to study abroad in and you may find yourself mildly depressed or anxious several weeks before leaving. The anticipation and preparation for this major change of lifestyle can trigger pre-departure homesickness, or sudden feelings that you don’t want to leave, or even a want to back out of your decision to study abroad. Some students might experience homesickness within the first few days or weeks of being abroad, while others might not be hit by homesickness until later on, or closer to the holidays. Holidays, birthdays, anniversaries, family events or even family illness or death can all cause you to feel homesick, or make you wish you were at home. Also, many students report increased feelings of homesickness during the winter months when darkness, rainy weather and the cold can lead to feelings of depression. The following are a few tips to help you cope with feelings of homesickness: 
Stress has many definitions. Stress affects everyone differently. The additional/new kinds of stress you may encounter while abroad may lead to anxiety/panic disorders, depression, paranoia, eating disorders, and other phobias. Any mental health challenges you have prior to going abroad may become more severe once you experience the effects of culture shock. Even mental fatigue from constant language immersion and time change may cause the symptoms of culture shock to seem overwhelming. Worldwide ConcernThe symptoms of cultural adjustment a student experiences may be more intense due to the events of September 11th and other worldwide threats. Students, parents and administrators may have additional anxiety; they may also take studying abroad and safety abroad more seriously than they did prior to September 11th. Any added feelings of panic or fear related to the international war against terrorism can directly affect how well a student deals with culture shock. If you feel worldwide concerns are adding to your culture shock, seek out family, friends, or program staff/counselors with whom you feel comfortable discussing your concerns. Airport Safety, Duties and Customs
In this section, you will find information on how to check for new updates and stricter requirements now enforced by airports and airlines. There are some basic restrictions regarding what you can and cannot bring back from your host country into the United States. You will also learn how to keep a better watch on your luggage so that no one else can tamper with it. No matter the country from which you are departing or entering, it is important to understand airport and airline safety and security, remembering to cooperate with airport, airline and customs officials. Airport Safety and Security
Customs control regulations may affect what you can and cannot bring in and out of your host country. Following the events of September 1, 2001, US airport and customs security has become much stricter, leading to long waits prior to boarding your plane, body searches, a necessary early arrival time and questions from officials in both countries. Remember to be patient and be honest when answering all officials' questions. The following information from the U.S. Department of State discusses border issues in more depth. For more complete information on border issues, please visit the U.S. Customs and Border Protections Agency. Reverse Culture Shock
In this section, you will learn how to cope with reverse culture shock you may experience upon return to the United States. One of the biggest challenges for students who participate in study abroad can be the difficulty in re-adapting to the realities in the United States (otherwise known as "re-entry"). Many students who studied abroad went through many changes, re-examining their priorities, their values, and what they think of themselves and the United States. The "reverse culture shock" may be more difficult than the "culture shock" you felt while abroad. (See "culture shock" for more information about the challenges of adapting to a new culture.) If return culture shock is severe, it is important that students are able to seek help/counseling to help them through this. Just as culture shock can differ greatly from person to person, reverse culture shock is just as personal of an experience. Upon return to the United States, you may find many things are different from how you left them. You may be more critical of the United States, while you now view your host country in a more favorable light. From language adjustments to depression to a simple trip to the supermarket, reverse culture shock can hit you in more ways than you would expect. Defining Reverse Culture Shock
Often students expect to be able to pick up exactly where they left off. A problem arises when reality doesn't meet these expectations. Home may fall short of what you had envisioned, and things may have changed at home: your friends and family have their own lives, and things have happened since you've been gone. This is part of why home may feel so foreign. Feelings You May ExperienceThe inconsistency between expectations and reality, plus the lack of interest on the part of family and friends (nobody seems to really care about all of your "when I was abroad" stories) may result in: frustration, feelings of alienation, and mutual misunderstandings between study abroad students and their friends and family. Of course, the difficulty of readjustment will vary for different individuals, but, in general, the better integrated you have become to your host country’s culture and lifestyle, the harder it is to readjust during re-entry. This is where reverse culture shock (sometimes called re-entry shock) comes in to play. Stages of Reverse Culture ShockReverse culture shock is usually described in four stages: Stage 1 begins before you leave your host country. You begin thinking about re-entry and making your preparations for your return home. You also begin to realize that it's time to say good-bye to your friends abroad and to the place you've come to call home. The hustle and bustle of finals, good-bye parties, and packing can intensify your feelings of sadness and frustration. You already miss the friends you've made, and you are reluctant to leave. Or, you may make your last few days fly by so fast that you don't have time to reflect on your emotions and experiences. Stage 2 usually begins shortly before departure, and it is characterized by feelings of excitement and anticipation - even euphoria - about returning home. 
This is often one of the transitions to Stage 3. You may experience feelings of frustration, anger, alienation, loneliness, disorientation, and helplessness and not understand exactly why. You might quickly become irritated or critical of others and of U.S. culture. Depression, feeling like a stranger at home, and the longing to go back abroad are also not uncommon reactions. You may also feel less independent than you were while abroad. Most people are then able to move onto Stage 4, which is a gradual readjustment to life at home. Things will start to seem a little more normal again, and you will probably fall back into some old routines, but things won't be exactly the same as how you left them. You have most likely developed new attitudes, beliefs, habits, as well as personal and professional goals, and you will see things differently now. The important thing is to try to incorporate the positive aspects of your international experience while abroad with the positive aspects of your life at home in the United States. Making the Study Abroad Experience Count at Home
As you transition back to life in the United States, you may want to continue interacting with people from your host country, do further study on host country-relevant issues, work in a bilingual environment, or even study abroad again in the same or another country. One advantage of study abroad is that it can offer you a more global perspective and expand your mind. So, don't forget to consider other opportunities outside of your host country as well. Post-Study Abroad Advisement
After you begin to readjust to being back home, visit your academic advisor. S/he will be able to inform you of whether your study abroad credits from your time abroad will transfer properly. Even if you are not planning on using those credits toward your graduation, the records are still important and may be needed if you decide to go on and pursue a higher level of education. You should also check with your academic advisor to make sure that you are registered for all of the courses that you need for the upcoming semester, and that you have filled out any financial aid or tuition forms that you will need for that year. Sometimes studying abroad will affect you to the point where you may decide to pursue another area of study. This meeting with your academic advisor is a good time to discuss any changes that you might want to make to your class selection or even your current major/minor. Your advisor will be able to discuss your options with you and help you decide what the best academic path for you may be. Career Development and Resume
If you are considering a career with an international component, or looking for a job abroad, we also recommend that you visit your campus’ career center. A campus career center often provides various services for students seeking employment, and this is generally a good place to start looking for international job opportunities in your host country and in other countries. When you start looking for a job or career, think of the professional and personal growth you've undergone while abroad. If you can present these skills on your resume and in your interview(s) well, you can impress almost any employer. IES, Institute for the International Education of Students, has a useful website that will help you learn to "market" your international experience (a link to this site is provided in the Resources section). To sum up IES's resume tips: Some students choose to continue participation in study abroad, either through the same program or through a new program or location. If you are unable to go abroad for another whole semester, there are a variety of programs offered during the summer that range from 3 days to 3 months. Talk to your academic advisor about what other programs might benefit you. For more help, refer to the “Choosing a Program” section of this Handbook. Also, if you're interested in continuing your study abroad experience, there are many ways to fund research or post-undergraduate studies. For example, the Department of State Fulbright Program, the National Security Education Program (NSEP), Rotary International, the Rhodes Scholarship Program, the Luce Scholarship Program, and the Marshall Scholarship Program are excellent ways to fund your studies abroad. Independent travel is an option for students who feel that they are confident enough to tour on their own. If you decide to travel independently, your student travel office or a travel agent can be helpful. There are numerous travel guidebooks and resources on the Internet. Also, ask friends who have traveled independently to find the best places to go and tips on what to do while you're there. See our Resources section for links to purchasing guidebooks and booking tours. Internships AbroadYou can help you turn your study abroad experience into a useful résumé-builder, and even the start to a future career. Some students have such a positive study abroad experience that they decide that they would enjoy a career that would give them an opportunity to live and work abroad. There are several ways to go about testing out possible careers abroad. One way is to investigate the possibility of doing an internship abroad. This can be an excellent way to not only be able to live abroad again, but also to get experience in a field in which you are interested. Some internships offer a salary; others can count towards college credit. Talk with a career counselor/internship coordinator at your college/university about internship opportunities abroad. Careers AbroadSome students decide to change their field of study to an area such as international relations, which includes a broad background in international policies, politics and history. If changing your major is a little extreme, try taking some international studies classes or focus in on an aspect of your major that could somehow be incorporated into a career abroad. Many international career opportunities lie in the areas of industry, education, government and the non-profit sector. In many cases, you can begin by seeking employment domestically with a company, firm, or group that has international branches. To gain information on career opportunities abroad, talk with a career counselor at your university. Volunteering
Volunteering is another great way to go abroad again. There are opportunities available worldwide. In many cases, only short-term commitments are required. However, there are organizations, such as the Peace Corps, that can allow for years of rewarding work abroad. Volunteering can be a good way to defer college loans for a while. Some volunteer programs even give you a modest monthly stipend. Getting InvolvedSince you will be aware of the challenges that come from living and studying abroad, you will be in a unique position to understand the needs of other international students who come to your college/university to study abroad in the United States. Getting involved with international students or organizations can be a great and rewarding way to remain involved in the international community and international affairs. Here are some suggested ways you can continue your international experience at home: |
Study abroad is one way that U.S. college and university students are best introduced to the cultures and citizens of the rest of the world. By spending a year, semester, or shorter time abroad, U.S. students learn about the language, culture, and philosophy of others. Study abroad affords students the opportunity to be ambassadors; they can set an example, help break down stereotypes and prejudice, and learn while living with others. However, the personal growth available through study abroad comes with personal challenges. 
Another advantage of total immersion is that you not only become immersed in another language, but in a new culture as well. Initial language learning opens up more opportunities to explore the literature, music, art, dance, sports, etc… of other countries.
Language requirements range from no prior language instruction, to a highest language level of nearly bilingual. You may want to check and see what prior level of language your program requires, so that you can start/continue learning another language abroad.
After your son or daughter has thoroughly reviewed the Handbook independently, and done some research, we encourage you to follow-up with his/her findings. At this time, we ideally hope that you would sit down with your son or daughter and go through the Handbook with him/her. You may be able to help him/her answer any questions he/she was not able to answer on his/her own.
We understand that your child’s health and safety is important to you. We also know that your concerns for your child’s health and safety increase with distance; the further away your child travels from home, the more important it is for him/her to have support services. In this time of an increased national focus on safety and security, you may feel strongly concerned about your child’s wishes to study and travel abroad. We hope that by reading this Handbook your concerns will be addressed. You will be able to better assist your son or daughter with choosing a quality program, and with being prepared for health and safety challenges abroad. Study abroad could possibly be one of the best, most positive and rewarding experiences for your child.
Reference Books: The following are comprehensive reference books which are updated each year: Peterson’s Study Abroad, Peterson’s Summer Study Abroad, IIE Academic Year Abroad, and IIE Short-Term Study Abroad. They include detailed explanations and descriptions of many study abroad progams.
Cost: Finding a quality program that’s affordable is possible. Depending on you or your family’s financial situation, program cost may or may not be an issue for you. No one wants to compromise quality for cost. However, many students need to find programs that fit their personal budget. Costs for study abroad programs don’t end with a basic fee; rather, additional costs can add up for insurance, housing, meals, excursions, travel, medical needs and purchases.
Class Dynamics: Ask yourself whether or not you prefer sitting next to a local or another U.S. student in your classes. The answer to this question will help you determine whether or not you would like to be in classes with only other U.S. students, a mix of locals and U.S. students, or a class where the majority of the students are locals. Most programs offer courses where a student can be fully immersed in the British education system by attending class with regular students at a university/institution. Other programs separate students by designing special courses for program participants. Inquire as to which classes you are able to take as part of your program. Also, ask whether or not your teachers will be from the United States or your destination country, if this matters to you.
Participation in a study abroad program very likely will involve contracts. You, and maybe your parents, will have to read through and sign a number of important documents. Some of these documents might limit a program's responsibility or liability in the case you are injured in while on a study abroad program. Other contracts might hold you responsible for certain behavior, while still other contracts may require you to release personal information. Read everything before you sign. If you have to, re-read everything, have your parents read everything, or have your lawyer read everything before you sign anything. Don't let anyone pressure you into signing an agreement that confuses you, or one you don't understand. Ask study abroad administrators to explain exactly what they are having you sign, what it means, and what happens if you don't want to sign. Know your rights and take time to think about any possible consequences of signing or not signing. Among other things, think about the following when deciding to sign or not sign a contract:
Some students create an entire, detailed budget and financial plan for their time abroad only to discover that exchange rates fluctuate and economies can be unstable. When exchange rates were good, you could afford to study abroad; now that exchange rates are not as good, you may not be able to afford it.
Your Personal Statement/Essay is like a written handshake; it’s the first impression you give to administrators. Your personal statement is your opportunity to emphasize your best qualities and to show off your writing and communication skills. Also, if your transcript isn’t the greatest, you can use your personal statement to explain why, or to go into detail about your other talents away from school. While your GPA does factor into the equation, other extracurricular activities count as well, so be sure to list them. Even if there is a minimum GPA requirement that you don’t meet, you may still be able to participate in a program if you write a strong Personal Statement/Essay and have good letters of recommendation. You will probably write and re-write more than one draft of your personal statement before turning in your application. 
You may even want a professor to look it over before you write the final draft. This is especially true if you are asked to write your Personal Statement/Essay in a foreign language. Show maturity and tell your audience what you are hoping to learn and get out of your study abroad program. Briefly explain your personal and academic goals. Most study abroad program administrators particularly want to know why you desire to study abroad.
If your Personal Statement/Essay is like a written handshake, then your Interview is your actual—in person—handshake. The Interview process lets a program selection committee match your face with your name. It allows them to see you on a more personal and human level, rather than just on paper. Since first impressions can leave lasting impressions, it is important to present yourself as best as possible. You may want to dress professionally for your interview, and get a good night’s sleep beforehand. As you may be asked about the current events of the country where you will be studying, it may be helpful to read foreign newspapers or watch foreign news programs in preparation for your interview. Remember your manners and be polite; give others your full attention and listen to everything being asked of you. Since group interviews are common, make sure to listen to other students as well. However, remember that a group interview is not a competition between you and the other students; you do not need to talk longer or louder than the others. If a question catches you off guard, or you don’t know the answer, ask the person to repeat the question. Take your time when answering, and be honest if you don’t know something.
Passport: A passport is a document from your home country that confirms your citizenship. You need a current passport that is valid beyond the time your program ends. Allow up to six weeks to receive a U.S. passport. It may take even longer to obtain a passport if you are a non-U.S. citizen. If you are applying for the first time for a 
Tickets: As most students will fly to their destination, your plane ticket will serve as your primary travel document. For others, a train or bus ticket may suffice. Some countries will require you to show that you have a return or ongoing flight scheduled within the allotted time for your visa. Student visas can last from one month to one year depending on the country where you will be studying or traveling. If you plan to stay longer, you will need to extend your visa.
Prescriptions: If you require prescription medications while abroad, you will very likely need to verify this requirement with a doctor's note. You may need a specially notarized prescription if the pharmacy you go to does not recognize U.S. prescriptions. You may also need to have your prescription translated into the language of your destination country in order to have it filled properly. Let your doctor know that you intend to travel abroad so that he/she can provide the appropriate documentation you will need to fill the prescription while away from home. Also, tell your program provider about your medical needs so that they can give you more detailed information on the documents you will need while abroad.
International Student ID Card: You should consider purchasing an International Student ID Card (ISIC) as this can provide discounts, helps verify your travel purposes, and includes a limited amount of insurance and 24-hour assistance.
If you break local laws while abroad, the U.S. government can do very little to help you. You are granted no special privileges or rights, and will be dealt with according to standard procedure of the legal system of your study abroad country. The U.S. and foreign governments encourage all visitors to their countries to become familiar with local laws before they visit. Upon arrival abroad, you may also wish to ask a foreign official about local laws and procedures. Remember, most students who study abroad wind up breaking the law unintentionally, and alcohol consumption has been associated with law-breaking in most cases.
Student I.D. Card (good for discounts too)
Routines and Schedules: Your routine will change once you get to your destination. Not only might you be dealing with a time difference upon arrival, but the locals may have a unique work schedule such as the tradition of taking an afternoon siesta in Spain and Mexico. You may eat lunch and dinner later or earlier than you are accustomed to doing. Shops and stores may be closed earlier than you expect, so you will have to work your routine around those business hours. You will also have to adapt your routine to bus and metro schedules and to your roommates’ schedules. There are countless ways in which your routine abroad can be different from your routine in the United States.
Bathrooms and Toilets: You may very likely find things are different even in British bathrooms. The idea of a western toilet with a porcelain bowl and a seat is not universal. Bathroom facilities abroad can literally be holes in the floor, outhouses, or non-existent. Bidets are common, especially in Europe. Toilet paper is often not available, or not commonly used. You may always want to carry a pocket pack of tissues with you just in case. Sinks and running water for you to wash your face and hands or brush your teeth may or may not be an option. If sink water is an option, be sure to ask if you can drink it or brush your teeth with it. Showers may also be different as some cultures prefer to bathe in a tub or other water source instead. Hand-held water sprayers may replace U.S. style fixed showerheads. 
Reviewing Your Medical History and Needs Before Going Abroad: It is a good idea to have a checkup to know your current medical condition. Your doctor or nurse can also advise you on what special precautions to take based on your medical history and where you are studying abroad. You may need to go to a special travel health clinic to get clear advice on medical care abroad and what challenges you may face. 
Availability of Medical Care: The type of medical care available will vary from country to country. In some countries it will seem similar to the type of care you find in the U.S. In others, finding an English speaking doctor or appropriate medical facility might be difficult. You should ask your program sponsor whether they can provide advice on available medical care and support abroad. It is also important to find out about medical care during group or independent travel. 
Other Aspects to Consider: Other aspects to consider include the financial limits of coverage, whether your insurance applies during independent travel or vacation, what countries it includes, whether evacuation and repatriation is included, the policy’s start and end dates, and whether you will have to pay first for treatment and be reimbursed later by your insurance company.
Infectious Diseases and Inoculations: Find out about the infectious diseases endemic in countries to which you will be traveling, and get the appropriate shots and pills, and take the appropriate medications with you if your doctor thinks it’s necessary. Find out about any potential side-effects of shots and pills that you may take. For more information on diseases prevalent in your destination country, please see the CDC link in the 
Can You Drink the Water?: Find out if water is safe to drink in the countries to which you will be traveling. Purify unsafe water before you drink it. Make sure water bottles come sealed when you buy them. Remember that ice can also be unsafe, as well as the water you use to brush your teeth. 
Mental and Physical Health: Consider your own mental and physical health issues when applying for a study abroad program, and make all your necessary health information available to the program’s administrators so they can assist you with any special needs, or advise you on the risks you might face. Study abroad may include both physical and mental challenges for students.
Prescriptions: Get a doctor’s signed prescription for any medication you have to bring abroad. Some prescriptions may need to be translated if you wish to fill them abroad. Include your glasses or contact lens prescription. Bring an extra pair of glasses.
Fitness and Exercise: Try to get fit in the time you have before departing overseas. A healthy body can help you to fight off illness and recover faster if you do get sick. Also, try to stay fit while abroad, even though it may be harder to follow a structured workout routine.
Air Travel: When you travel by air, drink a lot of non-alcoholic fluids, stay away from caffeine, eat light, and stretch often to avoid jetlag. Many airlines are now required to show an in-flight video of stretching exercises you can do on the plane in order to avoid the potential formation of blood clots, which can be caused by cabin pressure. A direct flight is usually easier for most travelers, but flights broken up by stops can also lessen jet lag.
Train/Metro: Travel by train is usually much faster than by bus, and can be a better option if you want to see more places in a short amount of time. You may want to avoid traveling by train alone at night, particularly in more urban areas. In major cities especially, you will find the metro system (where available) to be the most convenient form of transportation to move about the city, although beware of pickpockets.
Alcohol and Drugs: Use and abuse of alcohol and drugs abroad can increase the risk of accident and injury. Many study abroad accidents and injury are related to the use and abuse of alcohol and drugs abroad. Violating drug laws abroad may result in very serious consequences. In some countries, being found guilty of violating drug laws can result in consequences as serious as death.
travel/traffic accidents
Precautions When Accepting Food and Drink: Be cautious about accepting drinks (alcoholic or non-alcoholic) from a stranger. Use the same caution you would have about accepting a drink from a stranger in the United States while you are overseas. Also be cautious about accepting food from a stranger.
International Sources of Information: Inform yourself as much as possible about your new environment, making use of as many different sources as possible - online, in the library, on television and radio news programs, and in the paper. Don’t limit yourself to U.S. sources. Instead, contrast the U.S. information with that provided by other countries. Please see “Media” in the 
How to Dress: It is often best to dress conservatively - by local standards, so you can't be identified on sight as a tourist or a U.S. citizen.
Personal space and boundaries may also be different in other countries, so make sure to clearly establish behavior that shows you're not interested. 
In some countries, even modern ones, homosexual sex itself can result in severe state-sanctioned punishment up to and including the death penalty. It is usually not homosexuality that brings about such punishments, but rather the sex act. You might want to consider how a possible threat of punishment might affect your activities in your host country. Acceptance and tolerance of non-heterosexuals is increasing, but some countries and individuals remain intolerant. Make sure to research the prevailing sentiment toward non-heterosexuals abroad, and laws related to it. If you don’t want to compromise on your lifestyle, you may have to be selective in where you travel.
The disabled abroad can also be the victims of prejudice and stereotyping. The disabled report being stared at, ignored, un-assisted, and/ or talked down to more frequently abroad than they tend to be in the United States. In many countries, there are no standards or requirements for providing access for the disabled. Wheelchair ramps, handicapped parking spaces, braille signs, and other aides may be non-existent in parts of the host country, especially rural areas. In addition to a lack of services provided to the physically disabled, there may also be a lack of services provided to those with a learning disability, those with a psychological or emotional need, or those who are mentally challenged. If you need to make special arrangements abroad, it is a good idea to inquire far in advance. Your program's staff abroad may require some time in order to facilitate your needs. Even though you request that your special needs be met, it may be impossible for your program's staff abroad to assist you. 
Try to assimilate your style of dress and mannerisms as much as possible into the local norms. "Dressing like a U.S. citizen" (or any way conspicuously different from the local look) makes it easier to identify you as "the other" or an "outsider" and can make you a target. Some common stereotypes about Americans portray Americans as: loud, inconsiderate, ignorant, rude, rich, arrogant, cheap, greedy, lazy, promiscuous, overweight, English-only speakers, etc. To avoid reinforcing such stereotypes, remember you are like an ambassador of the United States and its culture; as an ambassador abroad, it is your job to respect others and to act responsibly. 
While most students experience a safe and healthy time abroad, some are forced to deal with minor emergencies. Some of the more common minor emergencies that students may face abroad include: pick-pocketing, petty theft, illness, injury, and the consequences of alcohol use.
The more support networks you have during an emergency or crisis, the more likely someone will be available to help you. Also, the better prepared you are ahead of time, the better chance you have of responding effectively to a crisis. Therefore, it is important to set-up support networks, and an EAP, before an emergency occurs-before you actually need assistance. Creating an EAP is a good first step towards keeping yourself healthy and safe in the event of an emergency or crisis while abroad.
On Your Own: If you are not studying/traveling with a program or group, it becomes even more crucial for you to create a detailed EAP; you might find yourself alone and entirely responsible for your own safety, your own evacuation, and your own well-being. If you are traveling independently, provide an itinerary for your trip. Check in with your emergency contacts by e-mail or phone from your various travel locations; this will help give them a general idea of where you are and where you are going. Remember to carry your 
While the introduction to new and foreign cultures greatly benefits students, it can also be overwhelming. The new cultural elements a student encounters abroad may be so different that they seem "shocking" in comparison to cultural norms they are used to at home. As Bruce La Brack writes in his article "The Missing Linkage: The Process of Integrating Orientation and Reentry":
Psychologists often refer to homesickness as “separation anxiety” because students—in particular those moving away from home—feel separated from all that is familiar.
Don’t wait for homesickness to go away by itself. Confront your feelings by talking to someone (a counselor, family member, roommate, or another student, etc.) about your homesickness. Chances are that the other students in your program may be feeling the same way you are.
Random Baggage Searches: If you are stopped and asked to open your luggage, cooperate with the customs officials. Customs officials often conduct random baggage searches; just because your luggage gets searched, doesn't mean you have done something wrong.
Drugs - even if a drug was legal in your host country or other countries, it may not be legal to bring it back to the United States. If you are carrying prescription drugs, it is important to have your prescription with you for proof.
So what is reverse culture shock? First, let's examine the process of re-entry. There are usually two elements that characterize a study abroad student's re-entry:
This is very similar to the initial feelings of fascination and excitement you may have when you first entered your host country. You may be very happy to see your family and friends again, and they are also happy to see you. The length of this stage varies, and often ends with the realization that most people are not as interested in your experiences abroad as you had hoped. They will politely listen to your stories for a while, but you may find that soon they are ready to move on to the next topic of conversation.
There are many other scholarships out there, as well as on-line scholarship search engines (some of which you can find in the 
It also affords you the opportunity to share what you’ve learned with others who can benefit from your experiences abroad.