Risk Factors and Strategies to Reduce Risk

In this section, you will find information on how to avoid being a target of crime while abroad in Italy. There are helpful tips on how non-verbal communication-like gestures or manner of dress-can help keep you safer. You will also learn how to become more aware of your surroundings. Based on anecdotal information, most of the incidents resulting in injury or death of students while participating in study abroad involve:

• travel/traffic accidents
• use and abuse of drugs or alcohol
• sexual harassment and assault
• crime/petty theft
• mental health issues/stress
• diseases and illnesses that exist in Italy

Resources and information about each of these issues can be found below. You can find additional information in the Basic Health and Safety section of this Handbook.

• Precautions When Accepting Food and Drink: Be cautious about accepting drinks (alcoholic or non-alcoholic) from a stranger. Be cautious about accepting food from a stranger.
• Risk Upon Arrival: Travelers, especially those having just arrived in Italy, are often targets of crime and at higher risk of harm, because they:
  

  1. Are unfamiliar with their surroundings
  2. Might not speak Italian or the local language well
  3. Are clearly recognizable as foreigners
  4. Have not yet learned the social norms or unwritten rules of conduct
  5. Are eager to get to know new people and the local culture
  6. Are naive to the intentions of people around them
  7. Are carrying all their valuables with them when they first step off the plane, train, or boat
• Keeping In Control: In addition to the circumstances involved with being new in a foreign country like Italy-circumstances which are often beyond one's immediate control-there are many situations that students can control. Some controllable factors that place students at greatest risk include:
  

  1. Being out after midnight
  2. Being alone at night in an isolated area
  3. Being in a known high crime area
  4. Sleeping in an unlocked place
  5. Being out after a local curfew
  6. Being under the influence of alcohol or drugs.
• Pickpockets and Petty Theft: Unfortunately, although violent crime is rare, pick pocketing and petty theft are fairly common in Italy. Women, tourists and outsiders are all easy targets for these thieves, and it is important, therefore to keep your eye out for anyone who approaches you without reason. There are a few different types of petty theft: pick pocketing, bag-snatching (often with a partner), and "scooter" theft. Bag-snatching will often occur with the aide of a partner, where one person will approach you to distract your attention as his/her partner runs by and grabs your bag or purse. "Scooter" theft is essentially the same thing, but with the use of a motorized scooter as opposed to legs. To prevent yourself from being a victim of petty theft, be sure to keep your belongings close to you, especially in crowded areas and on occasions where you may be standing in a crowded place for long periods of time. Also, it's a good idea to keep your most important items - money, passport, visa, credit cards, ATM cards, hotel key, important numbers, maps, etc. - in a hidden wallet that can be secured under your clothing. Women should especially be alert to men who whistle or try to distract them, as this is a popular method of bag-snatching.
• Verbal and Non-verbal Communication: Non-verbal communication (like body language and hand gestures) considered harmless in the U.S. may be offensive to people in Italy and other countries to which you plan to travel. The list of gestures considered rude in other countries can grow beyond the obvious. For more help communicating in Italy, please see the Communication Sheets.
• Sexually Transmitted Diseases: Keep yourself free from sexually transmitted diseases by using protection (like condoms or abstinence). Also, remember that "no" may not always be interpreted as "no" in Italy and in other countries. If another's advances are unwanted, be firm in both tone and body language so that your message is clear. Inform yourself about the types of diseases prevalent in the area in which you are studying and the areas in which you will be traveling.
• International Sources of Information: Inform yourself as much as possible about your new environment, making use of as many different sources as possible - online, in the library, on television and radio news programs, and in the paper. Don't limit yourself to U.S. sources. Instead, contrast the U.S. information with that provided by Italy and other countries. Please see “Media” in the Resources section of this Handbook.
• Understanding Locals: Beyond tuning into yourself, make it a point to try to understand what locals are communicating to you, how they feel about you and about U.S. citizens in general, how you are fitting with their values, and how well you understand them. Obviously a stronger grasp of the official language(s) will help you with these things, but even knowing a few essential phrases can be immensely beneficial. Please see the Communication Sheets of this Handbook for Helpful Words and Phrases you should know.
• How to Dress: It is often best to dress conservatively - by local standards, so you can't be identified on sight as a tourist or a U.S. citizen.
• Jewelry and Other Valuables: Be cautious with how you display valuables (does it look like you're flaunting wealth?). Leave your good jewelry at home, and keep money in a safe place like a money belt or hidden pouch under your clothes.
• Becoming Aware of Your Surroundings: You should be aware of your surroundings, remembering to:
  

  1. Pay attention to what people around you are saying
  2. Find out which areas of the city are less safe than others
  3. Know which hours of night are considered more dangerous
  4. Stay and walk only in well-lit areas
  5. Avoid being alone in unfamiliar neighborhoods
  6. Know where to get help (police station, fire station, phones, stores, etc.)
  7. Do not touch suspicious items like letters or packages mailed to you from someone you don't know
  8. Know what is "normal" and "not normal" to see on a daily basis in the areas you frequent
  9. Do not respond to explosions or gunfire by going to a window; seek cover away from windows and exterior walls
• Political Rallies: Avoid political rallies, which can increase tensions and emotions or breed angry mobs for which a U.S. citizen may serve as a scapegoat.
• Political Conversations: Try not to engage in conversations about contentious political issues with locals and avoid retaliating against hostile or bigoted remarks about Americans.